The Halo Effect Fallacy
- Philosophy Dept., Indiana State University
The halo effect fallacy is the fallacy of concluding from a perceived single positive trait of a person to the conclusion of a generally positive assessment of that person. The halo effect fallacy is based on the "halo effect," a psychological tendency many people have in judging others based on one trait that they approve of and concluding that the person must have other attractive traits. This one trait leads to the formation of an overall positive opinion of the person on the basis of that one perceived positive trait. For example, people judged to be "attractive" are often assumed to have other qualities such as intelligence or moral virtue to a greater degree than people judged to be of "average" appearance. Another common example is that people who are skilled in public speaking are assumed to have other desirable traits, e.g. "He's such a wonderful speaker, I bet he'd make a great CEO." These judgments are instances of the halo effect fallacy.
Prepublished online: October 13, 2008; Published: June 1, 2008 Show citation
References
- Aristotle, De Sophisticis Elenchis.
- Douglas Walton, Informal Logic, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989, and Informal Fallacies, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Co., 1987; Irving M. Copi, Informal Logic, New York: MacMillan, 1986.
- Asch, Solomon, (1946) "Forming Impressions of Personality," Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 41, 258-90.
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- See Carole Wade & Carol Tavris, Psychology, 6e, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2000, p. 365.
- Thorndike, E.L., (1920), "A Constant Error in Psychological Rating," Journal of Applied Psychology, vol. 4, 25-9.
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