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Demystifying Consciousness: A Non-Reductive FrameworkPhilosophy of Mind

Jahaziel Osei Mensah

E-LOGOS 2024, 31(1):35-46 | DOI: 10.18267/j.e-logos.505  

The phenomenon of consciousness has proved to be a notoriously convoluted concept, inviting various fields of philosophical inquiry to comprehend. In discourse on philosophy of mind, there are contentious perceptions on the elusiveness of consciousness; whether it is a reductive concept, a non-reductive concept or the easier way out, eliminating any mental language and substituting it with scientific language. This paper, by studying David Chalmers’ invaluable submissions on consciousness, provides a non-reductionist framework that will set the direction of the attempts by psychologists, neuroscientists and philosophers to comprehend consciousness....

The importance of education in comprehending and judging technologyEthics, Social and Political Philosophy

Francesco Scotognella

E-LOGOS 2024, 31(1):29-34 | DOI: 10.18267/j.e-logos.504  

Technology, in its broadest sense, is the greatest resource of the human species. If philosophers contemplate the cosmos in its entirety, they do so by using a wide range of technical tools, developed over the course of human history. Moreover, as part of the cosmos, philosophers contemplate technology itself: not only the development of technology, but also the reason for its use and how it is passed on to future generations. Education therefore assumes a central role in the existence of humankind. While in the first instance the task of education is the transmission of technical skills, in the second instance it is perhaps more important to educate...

Towards a Sustainable Economy and Some New Trends in Economic Thinking From an Ethical PerspectiveEthics, Social and Political Philosophy

Eva Pechočiaková Svitačová

E-LOGOS 2024, 31(1):14-28 | DOI: 10.18267/j.e-logos.503  

Given the need to ensure well-balanced socio-economic development and to meet the needs of the inhabitants of the Earth without compromising the needs of future generations, the need to transform the economy into a sustainable one is justified. Based on a theoretical analysis of scientific studies and other literature sources, the study argues that a sustainable economy represents a shift from the neoclassical paradigm and is associated with a holistic paradigm, a new global development paradigm - the sustainable development paradigm. Confirmation of the move towards a sustainable economy is the emergence of new trends in economic thinking, new economic...

On the question concerning the experience of eternal recurrenceHistory of Philosophy

Štefan Jusko

E-LOGOS 2024, 31(1):4-13 | DOI: 10.18267/j.e-logos.502  

Nietzsche’s idea of the eternal recurrence of the same gains new momentum following the study by P. S. Loeb that attempts to demonstrate the temporal identity of eternal recurrence. After more than a century of consensus that the thought of thoughts, as it was characterised by Nietzsche himself, is incoherent and logically inconsistent, space for a broader exchange of opinions opens up, since the acceptance of the thought in question – or its rejection – requires studying the possibilities of its validation through experience. I disagree with Loeb’s concept of the experience of eternal recurrence, and I am instead proposing...

Well-being in the Advent of Capitalism: Maximization of Utility against Categorical Imperative

Givheart C. Dano

E-LOGOS 2023, 30(2):71-82 | DOI: 10.18267/j.e-logos.501  

In the modern capitalist society, the balance between promoting the well-being of the majority and respecting individual rights raises significant moral dilemmas. This paper explores two frameworks of morality: the maximization of utility and the categorical imperative. While the maximization of utility focuses on maximizing overall happiness and well-being, it may require sacrificing the well-being of a few individuals for the greater good. On the other hand, the categorical imperative emphasizes universal moral principles and the inherent dignity of individuals, prioritizing individual rights and justice. In the context of a capitalist society, the...

Limits of Demythologization, Critique of Ideology, Postmodern Critique of Reason and Critique of the Other: Unsuccessful Moments in the History of Modern RationalityHistory of Philosophy

Fasil Merawi

E-LOGOS 2023, 30(2):56-70 | DOI: 10.18267/j.e-logos.500  

The historical trajectory of modern rationality is characterized by an attempt to develop an account of the emancipatory reason that can diagnose the existing problems of society and also posit emancipatory visions. Still, such an effort did not lead to the development of an account of rationality that is reflexive enough to reflect on its epistemic foundations and can account for the different horizons of emancipation that are historically and culturally situated. Taking this into consideration, the aim of this paper is two-folded. The first one is to identify the limits of demythologization, critique of ideology, postmodern critique of reason, and...

Once More about Human Nature, Enhancement and SubstitutionEthics, Social and Political Philosophy

Robert Burgan

E-LOGOS 2023, 30(2):4-55 | DOI: 10.18267/j.e-logos.499  

Human enhancement in the broad sense, i.e. both individual and social, requires the most accurate definition of human nature, character or essence, because only on its basis it is possible, whether at an individual or collective level, to decide which interventions into the individual, community and society are useful and beneficial and which, on the contrary, harmful and dangerous with regard to their short-term and especially long-term interests. We discuss this problem with regard to a series of important research articles published in the Slovak academic journal Filozofia, that with a few exceptions, for various reasons, have not even come close...

Fundamental Uncertainty in Model Predictions: Analysis of Modern Macroeconomic Models from the Perspective of Friedman's InstrumentalismPhilosophy of Science

Jáchym Novotný

E-LOGOS 2023, 30(1):15-36 | DOI: 10.18267/j.e-logos.498  

In 1966, M. Friedman published an essay on the methodology of positive economics, in which he emphasized the role of predictions as a decisive criterion for accepting macroeconomic models. This paper analyzes to what extent modern macroeconomics in 2023 is guided by these ideas. The first part of this paper deals with the role of predictions in macroeconomic models and shows that a large part of the models currently used do not contain any predictions at all. The next part of the paper explains the problem of Lucas' critique and the resulting complications in making predictions. The following section shows how modern dynamic stochastic general equilibrium...

Philosophical Discourse on Image and Text (A Historical Analysis of Image and Text Relationship)History of Philosophy

Anastasia Jessica Adinda Susanti

E-LOGOS 2023, 30(1):14-20 | DOI: 10.18267/j.e-logos.497  

The relationship between image and text has been a topic of debate since the Ancient Greek era. Plato considered image as more natural than text, therefore the image is readily understood. Simónides de Ceos has begun the sister arts tradition between image and text, by his phrase ut pictura poesis (as is painting, so is poetry). In contrast to the Ancient Greek, Modern thinkers tend to sharply distinguish between image and text. We can trace modern philosophical discourse on image and text from Leonardo da Vinci’s superiority of painting over poetry, Lessing’s distinction of painting and poetry, Burke’s words as the sublime...

Byung-Chul Han’s Burnout SocietyEthics, Social and Political Philosophy

Adam Šimčík

E-LOGOS 2023, 30(1):4-13 | DOI: 10.18267/j.e-logos.496  

This article deals with a critical summary of the main ideas and reflections expressed in the book The Burnedout Society. The author of the five essays that make up this book is Byung-Chul Han, a German-writing philosopher from Seoul, Korea. The ideas of this author are elaborated in detail in the essay Society of Fatigue, which was logically included in the first place in the book. The central idea of this treatise, and indeed of the author's entire set of reflections, is the current decrease in negativity that surrounds contemporary man and that leads to an excess of positivity and the emergence of a society of performance. According to Han, it results...