E-LOGOS 2014, 21(1):1-16 | DOI: 10.18267/j.e-logos.367

Věda v 21. století: dynamický kognitivní systém

Martina Chalupská
Faculty of Philosophy and Arts, University of West Bohemia, Czech Republic

Studie se zabývá proměnou přístupu k vytváření vědeckých poznatků. Tradiční epistemologie vědy založená na metodě indukce či dedukce představuje abstraktní formálně-logicky strukturovaný a atemporální konstrukt. Ve světle komplexně-systémového přístupu se však tento konstrukt jeví jako nepřátelský vůči snaze pojímat vědu jako dynamický kognitivní systém. Ve studii je hájen právě komplexně-systémový přístup, neboť je schopen obsáhnout nezpochybnitelný sociální a historický rozměr vědy a stejně tak psychologické schopnosti jednotlivců, respektive skupin. Týmová spolupráce je z hlediska stále se zvyšující komplexity vědy zcela nezbytná a běžné statické formální modely vědy nejsou schopny tyto její aspekty reflektovat.

Keywords: věda, dynamický kognitivní systém, komplexita, relace, kocitace, fraktál.

The article deals with the transformation of approaches to the formation of scientific knowledge. The traditional epistemology of science based on the method of induction or deduction represents an abstract formally-logical structured and atemporal construct. In the light of the comprehensively-systemic approach this construct is opposed to the attempt to envisage science as a dynamic cognitive system. The comprehensively-systemic approach is defended in the article because it is able to embrace the indisputable social and historical dimension of science while recognizing the psychological abilities of individuals or more precisely groups. Scholarly teamwork is absolutely necessary in terms of the increasing complexity of science which is not captured by the normal static formal models.

Keywords: science, dynamic cognitive system, complexity, relation, co-citation, fractal.

Prepublished online: December 7, 2014; Published: June 1, 2014  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Chalupská, M. (2014). Věda v 21. století: dynamický kognitivní systém. E-LOGOS, 21(1), 1-16. doi: 10.18267/j.e-logos.367
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Anderson, P. W. More Is Different. Broken Symmetry and the Nature of the Hierarchical Structure of Science. Science, 177(4047), 1972, s. 393-396. Go to original source...
    2. Aristoteles. Metafyzika. Praha: Nakl. Jana Laichtera, I946.
    3. Barabási, A.-L. - Albert, R. Emergence of Scaling in Random Networks. Science, 286(5439), 1999, s. 509-512.) Go to original source...
    4. Barrow, J. D. The World Within the World. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988.
    5. Bellis, Nicola de. Bibliometrics and Citation Analysis: From the Science Citation Index to Cybernetics. Plymouth: The Scarecrow Press, Inc., 2009.
    6. Börner, K. - Maru, J. T. - Goldstone, R. L. The Simultaneous Evolution of Author and Paper Networks. PNAS, 101(1), 2004, s. 5266-5273. Go to original source...
    7. Coveney P. - Highfield, R. Mezi chaosem a řádem. Hranice komplexity: hledání řádu v chaotickém světě. Praha: Mladá fronta, 2003.
    8. Diacu, F. The Solution of the n-body Problem. The Mathematical Intelligencer, 18(3), 1996, s. 66-70. Go to original source...
    9. Fajkus, B. Filosofie a metodologie vědy. Vývoj, současnost a perspektivy. Praha: Academia, 2005.
    10. Frontier, S. Applications of Fractal Theory to Ecology. In: Legendre, P. - Legendre, S. (eds.) Developments In Numerical Ecology. Springer Verlag: Berlin, 1987, s. 335 - 378. Go to original source...
    11. Havemann, F. Einführung in die Bibliometrie. Berlin: Gesellschaft für Wissenschaftsforschung, 2009.
    12. Herfel, W. E. - Hooker, C. A. From Formal Machine to Social Colony: Toward a Complex Dynamical Philosophy of Science. In: Dalla Chiara, M. L. - Giuntini, R. - Laudisa, F. (eds.) Language, Quantum, Music: Select Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science. Boston: Kluwer, 1999, s. 7-18. Go to original source...
    13. Hooker, C. A., ed. Handbook of the Philosophy of Science. Philosophy of Complex Systems. Amsterdam; London: North Holand (Elsevier), 2011.
    14. Hooker, C. A. Introduction to Philosophy of Complex Systems: A. In: Hooker, C. A. (ed.) Handbook of the Philosophy of Science. Philosophy of Complex Systems. Amsterdam; London: North Holand (Elsevier), 2011, s. 3-90. Go to original source...
    15. Kuhn, T. S. Logic of Discovery or Psychology of Research? In: Lakatos, I. - Musgrave, A. (eds.) Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge. London: Cambridge University Press, 1970, s. 1-23.
    16. Kuhn, T. S. Reflections on my Critics. In: Lakatos, I. - Musgrave, A. (eds.) Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge. London: Cambridge University Press, 1970, s. 231-278. Go to original source...
    17. Kuhn, T. S. Struktura vědeckých revolucí. Praha: OIKOYMENH, 1997.
    18. MacRae, D, JR. Growth and Decay Curves in Scientific Citations. American Sociological Review, 34(5), 1969, s. 631-635. Go to original source...
    19. Mandelbrot, B. How Long Is the Coast of Britain? Statistical Self-Similarity and Fractional Dimension. Science, 156(3775), 1967, s. 636-638. Go to original source...
    20. Marshakova-Shaikevich, I. System of Document Connections Based on References. Nauchn-Techn. Inform., 6(2), 1973, s. 3-8.
    21. Martins, B. Class CoCitation [online], [cit. 7. 6. 2014]. Dostupné z: http://webla.sourceforge.net/javadocs/pt/tumba/links/CoCitation.html).
    22. Merton, R. K. The Sociology of Science. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1973.
    23. Price, D. J. de Solla. Networks of Scientific Papers. Science, 149(3683), 1965, s. 510-515. Go to original source...
    24. Price, D. J. de Solla. Science Since Babylon. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1975.
    25. Price, D. J. de Solla. A General Theory of Bibliometric and Other Cumulative Advantage Processes. Journal of The American Society for Information Science, 27(5), 1976, s. 292-306. Go to original source...
    26. Richerson, P. J. - Boyd, R. Not by Genes Alone. How Culture Transformed Human Evolution. Chicago: UP, 2005. Go to original source...
    27. Scheffler, I. Science and Subjectivity. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 1982.
    28. Small, H. Co-citation in The Scientific Literature: a New Measure of The Relationship Between Two Documents. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 24(4), 1973, 265-269. Go to original source...
    29. Tebes, J. K. - Thai, N. D. - Matlin, S. L. Twenty-First Century Science as a Relational Process: From Eureka! To Team Science and a Place for Community Psychology. American Journal of Community Psychology, 53(3-4), 2014, s. 475-490. Go to original source...
    30. van Raan, A. F. J. On growth and Fractal Diferentiation of Science. Scientometrics, 47(2), 2000, s. 347-362. Go to original source...
    31. van Raan, A. F. J. Fractal Dimension of Co-citations. Nature, 347(626), 1990, s. 626. Go to original source...
    32. Wuchty, S. - Jones, B. F. - Uzzi, B. The Increasing Dominance of Teams in Production of Knowledge. Science, 316(5827), 2007, s. 1036-1039. Go to original source...

    Return to the content