E-LOGOS, 2015 (vol. 22), issue 1

History of Philosophy

How Beauty Disrupts Space, Time and Thought: Purposiveness Without a Purpose in Kant's Critique of Judgment

Stuart Dalton

E-LOGOS 2015, 22(1):5-14 | DOI: 10.18267/j.e-logos.409  

In this essay I explore the phenomenon of "purposiveness without a purpose" in Kant's account of aesthetic judgments. I begin by considering what Kant means by purposiveness in general, and then I analyze the specific "purposiveness without a purpose" that belongs to aesthetic judgments. I analyze the purposiveness without a purpose of the beautiful first in terms of space and then in terms of time. The essay concludes with a consideration of how purposiveness without a purpose makes beauty resistant to thought.

Philosophy of Mind

A Direct Object of Perception

Mika Suojanen

E-LOGOS 2015, 22(1):28-36 | DOI: 10.18267/j.e-logos.411  

I will use three simple arguments to refute the thesis that I appear to directly perceive a mind-independent material object. The theses I will use are similar to the time-gap argument and the argument from the relativity of perception. The visual object of imagination and the object of experience are in the same place. They also share common qualities such as the content, subjectivity, change in virtue of conditions of observers, and the like. This leads to the conclusion that both a tree-image and a tree-experience are distinct from a material tree. Perception of an object is caused by human nature, the senses and consciousness, and mind may prevent...

Psychofyzický problém v současné psychiatrii: Uplatnění filozofických řešení psychofyzického problému v teoretických konstruktech psychiatrie

Šárka Šafářová

E-LOGOS 2015, 22(1):37-48 | DOI: 10.18267/j.e-logos.412  

The mind-body problem is a central problem in the philosophy of mind. Philosophy provides several concepts and theories attempting to analyze whether physical and mental phenomena are related, and if yes how they are related. The relation between aspects of mind and body and their nature are not considered as a essential questions of psychiatry, although psychiatric research and clinical practice focuses on partial aspects of the mind-body problem. A large number of theoretical constructs of psychiatry refers indirectly to a philosophical approach of the mind-body problem. This article investigates which philosophical concepts and theories of the mind-body...

Phenomenological Reduction as a Naïve Consciousness of a Daydreamer

Jan Motal

E-LOGOS 2015, 22(1):77-91 | DOI: 10.18267/j.e-logos.416  

The article aims to introduce an interpretation of Gaston Bachelard's phenomenology of imagination as a phenomenological reduction sui generis. The autor of the article presents daydreaming (rêverie) as a process of regression to the naïve primordial consciousness reaching a state of childness. Childness provides a harmonisation of subject-object relationship. World is valorisated in that conception and reveals itself as a home. This valorisation is done via memories and a reciprociality of imagination. The article presents Bachelard's phenomenological reduction as a complementary opposite to scientific reason and it emphasises its therapeutical...

Ethics, Social and Political Philosophy

Conservatism vs. Neoconservatism: A Philosophical Analysis

Jack Kerwick

E-LOGOS 2015, 22(1):15-27 | DOI: 10.18267/j.e-logos.410  

In the world of contemporary American politics, the "conservative movement" continues to figure prominently as a force that is, for all practical purposes, inseparable from the Republican Party. As the 2016 presidential election cycle gets under way, well over a dozen Republican contenders are laboring tirelessly to establish their "conservative" bona fides. In truth, however, neither the "conservative" movement nor most "conservative" politicians are conservative at all. Rather, they are neoconservative, and between neoconservatism and traditional or classical conservatism there is all of the difference, a difference in kind. In this paper, I cite...

Sexual Desire as an Experience of Alterity

Olaya Fernández Guerrero

E-LOGOS 2015, 22(1):49-58 | DOI: 10.18267/j.e-logos.413  

This paper analyzes the field of sexual desire within the frame of phenomenological philosophy. That approach enables an understanding of sexuality as a peculiar modality of relation with alterity. This is due to the fact that, in sexual desire, there are three dimensions of otherness: first, the other's body/corporeality that provokes desire; second, the imaginative level that constitutes a space for transcendence with/towards/by means of the other; and last, the sociocultural level, where the rules are established for controlling sexual desire and fixing its admitted and forbidden versions.

Poroba subjektu a nástroje jeho emancipace

Robin Maialeh

E-LOGOS 2015, 22(1):59-70 | DOI: 10.18267/j.e-logos.414  

The working paper deals with a broader concept of human freedom. The first part tries to reveal obscured principles that impede human self-realization. The second part makes use of findings of the third generation of the Frankfurt School. There we observe two main theoretical basis inspired by Hegelian and Marxian tradition. The text is thus a superficial unification of the opposition against contemporary liberally-capitalistic concept of human freedom. New perspectives of human freedom, derived from emancipation tools of the Frankfurt School, are shown within the last part. The aim of the paper is to classify a position of Man towards Outside; to...

Evolution and ethics

Barbora Baďurová

E-LOGOS 2015, 22(1):71-76 | DOI: 10.18267/j.e-logos.415  

The paper deals with main principles of ethics and focuses especially on evolutionary ethics. First part encloses what is ethics and what are main features of evolutionary ethics. The author then points out onto fact and value dichotomy as one of the main problems of evolutionary (meta)ethics.

Sociological hermeneutics and metaphors in social sciences: a problem of demarcation concrete empirical and concrete imaginative concepts

Ondřej Stulík

E-LOGOS 2015, 22(1):92-102 | DOI: 10.18267/j.e-logos.417  

Submitted article is focused on some implications between sociological hermeneutics and metaphors as analytical concepts. There is examined some implications between linguistic context and metaphor concept, which is necessary base of metaphors, in the article. Revelation of mentioned connections may help to refinement sociological hermeneutic for examining in social sciences with using qualitative methodology. The key ascertaining is a strong connection between building of a metaphor and making of context in the sentence, with polysemy word. If the interpretative research has to be tenable, then it has to take into account both context and his first...